Giraut de Bornelh (Occitan: [ɡiˈɾawd de βuɾˈneʎ]; c. 1138 - 1215), whose first name is also spelled Guiraut
and whose toponym as de
Borneil or de Borneyll, was a troubadour connected to the castle of the viscount of Limoges. He is credited with the
formalisation, if not the invention, of the "light" style, or trobar leu.
Biography
Giraut was
born to a lower-class family in the Limousin, probably in Bourney, near Excideuil in
modern-day France. Guiraut
might have accompanied Richard I of
England and Aimar V of Limoges on the Third Crusade and stayed a while with the "good prince of Antioch", Bohemond III. He certainly made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but
perhaps before the Crusade.
Works
About ninety of Giraut's poems and
four of his melodies survive; these were held in high esteem in the 13th
century: Petrarch called him "master of the
troubadours", while Dante, who preferred Arnaut Daniel, mentions that many considered him
superior. Notable pieces include:
· S'anc jorn aqui joi e solaz, a planh about the death of Raimbaut d'Aurenga.
· Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill, a tenso with
Raimbaut d'Aurenga discussing trobar clus versus trobar leu.
· Be me plairia, senh'en reis, a tenso with king Alfons II of
Aragon Giraut contributes to the poetical debate as to
whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself.
This debate was begun by Guilhem de
Saint-Leidier, taken up by Azalais de
Porcairagues and Raimbaut d'Aurenga, and
continued in a partimen between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon.
· Reis glorios (glorious king), a well-known alba
Bibliography
· Sharman, Ruth V. (1989). The Cansos and Sirventes
of the Troubadour Giraut de Borneil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25635-6.
External
links
·
Guiraut de
Bornelh, (with trans. James H. Donalson), Songs, vol. 1 and Songs, vol. 2
·
Complete works, including all extant melodies at trobar.org
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