Francesco Angiolieri, known as Cecco
Angiolieri (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃekko andʒoˈljɛːri]; c. 1260 - c. 1312) was an Italian poet.
Biography
Cecco Angiolieri was born in Siena in 1260, son of Angioliero, who was himself
the son of Angioliero Solafìca who was for several years a banker to Pope Gregory IX; his mother was Lisa de' Salimbeni,
from one of the noblest and most powerful Senese family.
In 1281 he was with the Guelphs of Siena who were besieging their Ghibelline fellow citizens in the Torri di Maremma, near Roccastrada, Tuscany, and he was fined many times for deserting the
battlefield without permission. He was fined again on July 11, 1282, for
violating the curfew of Siena, signalled by the third ringing of
the commune bells. Cecco was fined again in
1291 under similar circumstances.
He fought with the Florentines
against Arezzo in 1288 and it is possible that this was where
he met Dante. His Sonnet 100, dated between 1289 and 1294
seems to confirm that the two knew each other, since Cecco refers to a person
(a mariscalco)
whom they both knew personally ("Lassar vo' lo trovare di Becchina, /
Dante Alighieri, e dir del 'mariscalco'"). Around 1296 he left Siena to go into exile for political reasons. We can
deduce from Sonnet 102 (from 1302-1303), addressed to Dante who was already in
Verona, that during this period, Cecco was in Rome ("s'eo fatto romano, e tu
lombardo"). We do not know whether his exile from Siena from 1296 to 1303 was interrupted. The sonnet
also shows a definitive break between Cecco and Dante ("Dante Alighier, i' t'averò a stancare /
ch'eo so lo pungiglion, e tu se' 'l bue" - "Dante boy, I'll simply
wear you out: / since I'm the cattle-prod that drives your ox." [1]). Unfortunately most of the poetic
material relating to Dante has been lost: their poetic dispute, as well as
their possible earlier relationship which then deteriorated.
In 1302 Cecco had to sell off his
vineyard to one Neri Perini del Popolo di Sant'Andrea for seven-hundred lire,
and this is the last information that is available from Angiolieri's lifetime.
From a later document (February 25,
1313) we know that five of his children (Meo, Deo, Angioliero, Arbolina and
Sinione- another daughter, Tessa, had already left the household) renounced
their inheritance because the estate was too far in debt. It is therefore
possible to assume that Cecco Angiolieri died in Siena around 1310, perhaps
between 1312 and the beginning of 1313.
Works
There are about 110 sonnets
attributed to Angiolieri (including some twenty of dubious provenance), which
pick up the goliardic tradition and the tradition of poesia giocosa, and which,
using colorful and realistic expressions, were impudent and light-heartedly
blasphemous.
One of Angioleri's better-known poems
is his sonnet S'ì fosse foco, arderei 'l mondo (If I were fire, I
would burn the earth), which expresses his misanthropy as well as his
passion for living and was set to music in 1968 (as "S'i' fosse
foco") by popular singer-songwriter Fabrizio
de André.
·
Criticism
The most recent criticism holds that
it is not correct to search for autobiographical references in his
compositions, given the strangely literary character of his poems. Even in
those poems which seem most personal we find a taste for parody and caricature,
and stylistic exaggeration, in which emotions and passions are the pretext for
linguistic games. In these extreme expressions there is an enjoyment of
impressing the reader, and the rejection of the ideals of courtly life and of
the dolce
stil novo. We are
faced with a refined man of letters who knows well how to calculate his
effects.
See also
Texts
1. Cecco and Dante by Leonard Cottrell
·
I sonetti di Cecco Angiolieri editi criticamente ed
illustrati
ed. Aldo Francesco Massera, Zanichelli Editore, Bologna, 1906
·
Aldo
Francesco Massera, Sonetti burleschi e realistici dei primi due secoli,
Casa editrice Giuseppe Laterza & figli|Laterza, Bari 1920, vol. I,
pp. 63-138 (text), vol. II, pp. 82-92 e 127-136 (notes).
·
Cecco Angiolieri, Il
Canzoniere, ed. Carlo
Steiner, UTET, Torino, 1925.
·
Aldo
Francesco Massera, Sonetti burleschi e realistici dei primi due secoli,
ed. Luigi Russo. Casa editrice Giuseppe Laterza &
figli|Laterza, Bari, 1940, pp. 63-138 (text), 330-340 (notes), 375-384
(annotations) and 409 (notes by Luigi Russo).
·
Mario
Marti, Poeti giocosi del tempo di Dante, RCS MediaGroup|Rizzoli, Milano
1956, pp. 113-250.
·
Maurizio
Vitale, Rimatori comico-realistici del Due e Trecento, 2 vols. UTET,
Torino 1956, vol. I, pp. 259-455.
·
Cecco
Angiolieri, Rime, ed. Gigi Cavalli, Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli,
Milano 1959, ISBN 978-88-17-12017-3
·
Gianfranco
Contini, Poeti del Duecento, 2 vols. Riccardo Ricciardi|Ricciardi,
Milano-Napoli 1960, vol. II, pp. 367-401 (text) e 883-885 (notes).
·
Cecco Angiolieri, Le Rime,
ed. Antonio Lanza, Archivio Guido Izzi, Rome, 1990, ISBN 978-88-85760-18-9
·
Cecco
Angiolieri, Rime, ed. Raffaella Castagnola, Ugo Mursia Editore|Mursia]],
Milano 1995, ISBN 88-425-1841-7.
·
Cecco
Angiolieri, Sonetti, ed. Menotti Stanghellini, Il Leccio, Monteriggioni,
2003, ISBN 978-88-86507-96-7.
·
Cecco Angiolieri, Cecco
As I Am and Was: The Poems of Cecco Angiolieri, trans. Tracy Barrett.
Boston: International Pocket Library, 1994.
Commentary
·
Peirone, Luigi (1979). La coscienza
dello stile "comico" in Cecco Angiolieri. Savona: Sabatelli.
·
Suitner, Franco (1983). La poesia satirica e giocosa nell'età dei
comuni. Padova: Editrice Antenore. ISBN 978-88-8455-294-5.
·
Landoni, Elena (1997). La grammatica
come storia della poesia. Un
nuovo disegno storiografico per la letteratura italiana delle origini
attraverso grammatica, retorica e semantica. Roma: Bulzoni Editore. ISBN 88-8319-045-9.
·
Paolo Orvieto, Lucia Brestolini (2000). La poesia comico-realistica. Dalle origini al Cinquecento. Roma: Carocci. ISBN 978-88-430-1526-9.
·
Alfie, Fabian (2001). Comedy and Culture. Cecco Angiolieri's
Poetry and Late Medieval Society. Leeds: Northern Universities Press. ISBN 1-902653-43-2.
·
Stefano Carrai; Giuseppe Marrani, eds. (2005). Cecco Angiolieri e la poesia satirica
medievale. Tavarnuzze - Impruneta: SISMEL - Edizioni del Galluzzo. ISBN 88-8450-180-6.
·
Stanghellini, Menotti (2007). La grande rapina ai danni di Cecco Angiolieri,
bisessuale, il nemico di Dante. Monteriggioni: Il Leccio. ISBN 88-89184-21-3.
·
Calenda, Corrado (2007). "Tra inosservanza e trasgressione: poeti
giocosi e realistici tra Due e Trecento". Gli "irregolari" nella
letteratura: eterodossi, parodisti, funamboli della parola : atti del
Convegno di Catania, 31 ottobre-2 novembre 2005. Roma: Salerno Editrice.
pp. 31-49. ISBN 88-8402-560-5.
·
Marrani, Giuseppe (2007). I
‘pessimi parenti’ di Cecco. Note di
lettura per due sonetti angioliereschi, «Per leggere», XII, pp. 6-22.
·
Marrani, Giuseppe (2012). Il
«logro» di Cecco. Nota per «Tre cose
solamente m’ènno in grado», in L’entusiasmo
delle opere. Studi in memoria di Domenico De Robertis, a cura di I.
Becherucci, S. Giusti e N. Tonelli, Lecce, Pensa MultiMedia, pp. 451-7.
·
Marrani,
Giuseppe (2013). Identità di Becchina, in identità /
diversità. Atti del III convegno dipartimentale dell’Università per Stranieri
di Siena (Siena, 4-5 dicembre 2012), a cura di T. de Rogatis, G. Marrani, A.
Patat e V. Russi, Pisa, Pacini, pp. 95-107.
·
Marrani, Giuseppe (2015). Filologia
e pratica del commento. Ripensare Cecco Angiolieri, in La pratica del
commento, Atti del convegno dell’Università per Stranieri di Siena, 14-16
ottobre
·
Jermini, Fabio (2017). La
configurazione metrica dei sonetti di Cecco Angiolieri, in Otto studi
sul sonetto. Dai Siciliani al Manierismo, a cura di Arnaldo Soldani e Laura
Facini, «Storie e Linguaggi», Padova, Libreriauniversitaria.it edizioni, pp.
41-58.
·
Jermini, Fabio (2018) Sulle
definizioni del realismo letterario nella poesia del Due-Trecento, in Aldo
Francesco Massèra. Tra Scuola Storica e Nuova Filologia, Atti del convegno
internazionale di studi, Genève, 3-4 dicembre
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